The Science Fiction Movie, Hancock - 1613 Words

On October 15, 2009, a young mother experienced the horror of watching her 6-month old son get hit by a train. Miraculously, the infant survives with nothing but a few scratches and no bleeding. It is rare events like these that question the human anatomy and physiology. The science fiction movie, Hancock, follows the life events of a superhero. His super-powers include super-strength, the ability to fly, and most importantly, the ability to withstand any physical trauma afflicted upon him. Despite Hancock being a fictional character with supernatural abilities which cannot entirely be explained, his ability to heal and easily survive physical trauma appears possible through an enhancement of the details aforementioned. In reality, humans in today’s society would not be able to survive with the increase of the same physiological traits needed to be able to withstand any trauma inflicted upon them. Towards the end of the film, Hancock experienced difficulty in his body’s ability to reject physical injury after coming into contact with another superhero, Mary Embrey, who had supernatural powers just like his. The proximity and destined attraction between Hancock and Mary caused him to gradually lose his omnipotent abilities and he realized that as a result, he was becoming more human. He was shot by attackers in a hospital and for the first time, actually felt the pain. However, his wounds completely healed minutes later after fleeing the location in which he wasShow MoreRelatedValerian And The City Of A Thousand Planets Analysis1173 Words   |  5 PagesLuc Beesons massive $180 million science-fiction spectacle, Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets,  inspired from the favorite comics of his youth, is a gorgeous-looking, borderline disaster of a film. At times, the film feels epic, clever, and original. 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Creating And Maintaining An Effective Learning Environment

Teaching Learning Experience Classroom Observation Central Unified School District, Harvest Elementary, Grade 4, April 20, 2016 Creating and Maintaining an Effective Learning Environment in the Classroom Patrosinia Morales Description This classroom investigation started on January 2016 and took place at Harvest Elementary in Central Unified in a 4th grade classroom. During the time of the investigation I was able to experience small group and whole class instruction and interaction. Each experience taught me something in regards to the California Standard for the Teaching Profession (CSTP) 2: Creating and Maintaining Effective Environments for Student Learning. From the many experiences I have had in creating and maintaining an effective learning environment, I chose to focus on a math lesson I instructed. Summary The math lesson was focused on content standard 1.4. The learning goal was for students to understand and use formulas to solve problems involving perimeters and areas of rectangles and squares. They also had to use formulas to find the areas of more complex figures by dividing the figures into basic shapes. During the math lesson students were using their 4th grade math book and a journal to take notes. I provided students with notes, visuals of complex shapes, examples through the use of an Elmo, independent practice, and an activity for them to find the area and perimeter of their name using graph paper. Before I began the math lesson students and I wentShow MoreRelatedCreating And Maintaining Effective Environments For Student Learning884 Words   |  4 PagesCreating and maintaining effective environments for student learning can be a highly difficult task for classroom teachers in moderate to severe special education classrooms. 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Cigarette Law Reinforced Free Essays

Have you ever been around someone smoking? Yuck right, well almost half of the world’s children breathe air polluted by tobacco smoke, which worsens asthma and causes dangerous disease. America has a problem with smoking, an estimated 430,000 Americans die each year from the effects of cigarette smoking. But the real problem is not just people smoking but it is when people toss their cigarette buds out their car window. We will write a custom essay sample on Cigarette Law Reinforced or any similar topic only for you Order Now About 240 million cigarette buds are thrown on the ground a year by the U. S.  alone, these buds eventually wash down into streams, lakes, rivers and bays causing massive pollution. This is why there should be a larger penalty for people who are caught throwing cigarette buds on the ground whether it be walking down the street on in a car. An estimated 4. 5 trillion cigarette buds are tossed worldwide which end up in waterways and oceans, leaking traces of how toxic chemicals found in cigarette smoke take 12 years to decompose. By creating a harsher punishment would make people think twice about smoking while inside their cars and blowing it out to the cars beside them. It has been estimated that half of the world’s children have breathed in second hand smoke from other cars, what would seem like a small amount to you could be very damaging to a developing child’s lungs. Also it could possibly be damaging to adults who are stuck in traffic for hours a day just breathing the toxic air you are polluting which doesn’t affect just the one or two people next to you, the smoke can travel through the air into people’s lungs without you or them even knowing it. The polluted air that children and adults are breathing in, maybe on a daily bases, has been known to hold over 4,000 chemical compounds, 60 of which are known to cause to cause many diseases. Creating a harsher punishment for cigarette pollution could not only save the world but save people too. Making a stricter law would not only stop people from littering, but it would also benefit the economy. Tobacco companies spend over 4 billion dollars each year on advertising and promotion of their deadly products. Also smoking costs the nation over $100 billion per year in health care costs and lost productivity, that’s about $398 per American each year. In Washington State there is record of $1. 3 billion dollars spent each year on health care costs associated with caring for people with tobacco related illnesses. This is what is destroying the economy and putting America in a national debt. Last the cost of a pack of cigarettes averages around $4. 50 to $5, including taxes, depending on where you live. Using the lower number, a pack-a-day smoker burns through about $31.50 per week, or $1,638 per year. That could be used for a house payment or a nice vacation with the family. A 40-year-old who quits smoking and puts the savings into a 401(k) earning 9% a year would have nearly $250,000 by age 70. So making a stricter law would benefit the economy and yourself in expenses. Studies have shown that 50% of a life time smokers die because of diseases from the tar and many other chemicals put into their bodies. Scientists have proven that if you smoke a pack a day, then you die on an average 10 years sooner. Each cigarette takes 11 minutes off of your life expectancy. All smokers think that by smoking they are only damaging their health. They are ignorant about the fact that their smoking is indirectly affecting others health. And they are one of the direct contributors to the environmental pollution. If people had harsher punishment for littering cigarette buds onto the ground they would realize that smoking isn’t really worth its while after paying off all their fines and maybe even time in jail. Some people may argue that actually enforcing such a punishment would cost too much money on the government, the police department and the process it would have to go through to actually become a law. But with an estimated 48. 2 million smokers in the U. S. the economy would gain a great deal of money from an estimated 100-700 people who drop their cigarettes on the ground and could be fined for the act of littering. While not only does the pollution from the cigarettes leave a permanent scar on earth it also kills 440,000 people a year and making stricter laws would help this large number of deaths decrease. Even though it may be pricey for the process of this becoming a law it would benefit the U. S. citizens from death. In conclusion, people should not have to be forced to put their bodies at risk of second hand smoke and the earth should not have to be polluted by people who chose to ruin their lives and others by smoking. By creating a law saying that if one is littering their cigarette anywhere they should have to pay a major fine, depending if it is their first offense or not, or do time in jail. Pollution is a serious problem and needs to be solved quickly before our air becomes permanently damaged. How to cite Cigarette Law Reinforced, Essays

Measurement of Technical Efficiency System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Measurement of Technical Efficiency System. Answer: Introduction: The textile industry is one of largest sector for generating employment and economic revenue in India. It is believed to be the source of employment for both skilled and unskilled workers and is currently believed to be the second largest employment generation source after the agricultural sectors. Currently more than 45 million people are employed directly or indirectly within the business of the textile industry. 14% of the total production within the industrial sector is generated from the textile sector. This accounts for 4 % of the total GDP in India (Belemkar and Ramachandran, 2015). The industry also accounts for 15% of the total Global export of textile products. Currently the total value of the Indian textile industry is estimated to be around 137 billion-dollar. The industry is also expected to history total value of 226 billion-dollar by the year 2023. The annual growth rate for the next 10 years is expected to be at a rate of 8.7%. The production of raw material of textil e industry also increases tremendously at an annual rate of 2.7% (Verma et al., 2015). There are two main segments under the Indian textile industry. The primary segment includes unorganised sector that consists of Handicrafts, Handloom and sericulture. Small scale business organisations are mainly within the sector of this category. This sector is also highly dependent upon the activities of unskilled labourers. The second is the large scale or organised sector, which consists of spinning and garment manufacturing sector that is done through heavy machineries. Hence it can be said that there is a wide variety within the range of Indian textile industry. The Khadi products and an important part of the textile industry the accounts for 33% of the total revenue. By the year 2020 the total revenue of khadi income is expected to reach beyond 5000 crore rupees. The production of the industry is highly dependent upon cultivation of cotton, which requires high rate of production to meet up with the demand of raw materials. The textile industry has also witnessed huge investment during the past many years including 2.47 billion dollar of foreign direct investment within the year 2000 to 2017 (Narwal and Jindal, 2015). Many of the multinational corporations are planning to make more investment within the textile industry by opening new clothing stores. The multinational companies have also set up partnership with local small scale cotton industries, which has helped them to expand the international trade business. The Government of India has also launched several programs to promote International export of textile products. This also encourage the young entrepreneurs to make more investment improve upon the skill development work of textile industry. The future of the Indian textile industry is believed to be providing good business opportunity due to the high level of domestic consumption and high demand from the international export market. The retail sector also has the opportunity to develop effective business. The marketing strategies of the Indian textile industry have a vastly changed over the past many years, which is done according to the change in the market demand. It is important for the industry to properly analyse the business environment of the Indian textile industry that will aim to improve upon the economic revenue and profitability. The net profit of the industry is entirely dependent upon import-export policies implemented by the business organisation. One of the basic marketing strategies of Indian textile industry that has helped them to gain competitive advantage in the Global market is due to the low price that is possible due to lower labour cost and effective supply chain. The Mass scale production is al so responsible for the lower cost low budget. Over the course of the current report, Blue Ocean Strategy will be applied on the current market of Indian textile industry. This is one of the popular marketing theories that were introduced in a book written by W. Chan Kim in the year 2005. According to this strategy it is believed that business organisation industry can make more success by creating the concept of Blue Ocean or uncontested market space. This will help the companies to compete freely without any major risks from business Rivals. The report will additionally also use the red queen marketing strategy, which is aimed to describe unsuccessful effort by business organisation to get competitive advantage in respective market domain. With the help of the above two mention marketing strategy it is possible to analyse the competitive environment and business performance along with future of the Indian textile industry in respect to global market economy. The report will analyse the theoretical aspect of Blue Ocean Strategy and red Queen Effect and apply the same in the context of Indian textile industry. Review of Blue Ocean Strategy and red Queen Effect The Blue Ocean Strategy for marketing developed by Kim and Mauborgne (2014), is an innovative new Marketing strategic model that present the opportunity to development of new path on the success. According to Lee et al., (2017), the main purpose of the strategy is to develop new marketing opportunity in the existing circumstances. Additionally, this opportunity is developed without generating burden upon the current cost of the company. The main aim of the company is to question and identify the facts about several companies which have been able to generate more success in the respective market. The idea was generated after conducting research upon over 150 companies in the domain of 30 industries, which was done over a period of hundred years. According to the findings, it can be said that most of the successful companies were able to beat the competition in their on existing market. On the other hand, the unsuccessful companies often face the issue of Limited growth opportunity. Th e profit impact is also significantly higher for the successful companies and it is able to create new market space for improving level of profit. The term Blue Ocean has been used as an analogue of Market space that can be created by a company in their own domain of industry. This is believed to be one of the best ways to gain competitive advantage and capture the significant part of the market share of the respective industry (Morrison, 2016). There are also certain systemic patterns that separate most successful companies within a single market. This pattern is about developing value innovation that is needed to attract new customers that is usually achieved by driving down the cost of product or service. This is therefore believed to be one of the best ways to deal with high level of marketing competition. It is also essential to capture and implement new market demand along with making competition irrelevant. The Blue Ocean Strategy provides unique opportunity for any business to use analytical tool and frameworks along with technical strategy making process to meet up with the market demand of respective industry (Siddique Shukla, 2016). As New Market space is developed it is possible for new companies to make good profit. In other words it can be said that the main idea of Blue Ocean Strategy is to create new market space along with new opportunity with innovative business strategy rather than fighting or competitive over the existing market opportunity or market space. This is also effective in the matters related to that of the hypercompetitive strategy, where the business organizations play important role in speeding up the rate of policy implementation. This is mainly helpful to ensure that all the major rivals within the market do not get the opportunity to make business. As suggested by Bourletidis (2014), one of the best ways to create Blue Ocean is to launch new industry within the consumer market. For example in recent times the launch of e-co mmerce business provided the opportunity of New Market space that has been captured by companies like eBay or Amazon. However, the major criticism about the theory is related to the fact that it is not possible for a company to create and simultaneously use the new market space that has been generated. There are also certain associated risks that can increase the risk of financial loss (Siddique Shukla, 2016). There is also the risk that the company which create a new market space may not have complete control over the growing demand and external market environment of the respective industry. The strategies also do not properly address the external threats that can compromise upon the quality of the business in a respective market space. Similar to the Blue Ocean Strategy there is also a red Queen Effect business strategy, which is used to describe the unsuccessful attempt by business organisation to gain competitive advantage in the market (Chakravorty Hales, 2016). This can also help them to implement the environment of hyper competition. One of the fundamental rules of the market is to properly analyse and research on the competitive environment on the market before implementing business strategy that can help to improve upon the sales record. Nevertheless, it is believed that this technique may not work in practical situation due to the challenging environment of the market. According to Zheng (2017), it is one of the main highlighting point about marketing strategies is to develop a path of clear distinction between all the Rival brands of a respective industry. This is believed to be one of the effective ways to overcome the red Queen effect in marketing. It is important for the company to implement effective competitive strategy to improve the popularity of new product that has been launched in the market. The rate of success of a company in the market depends upon its ability to think differently and evaluate the need of the customer that is also one of the effective ways to stay ahead in the competition. Application of Blue Ocean and Red Queen Strategy in Indian Textile industry for the future development in performance As mentioned in previous section Indian textile industry is one of the giant Supermarkets of its type in the respective market space. It is also one of the important foreign exchange earners and plays the significant role in the development of the nation's economy. Being one of the largest manufacturers of textile products, the Indian textile industry does enjoy certain competitive advantage in the Global market. However, there are certain top level of competition that the industry faces from neighbouring countries like China, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It is therefore necessary for the Indian textile industry to implement new marketing strategy to improve upon their market demand in the global market and maintain a high reputation by implementing innovative business ideas. The marketing theory of Blue Ocean Strategy can be implemented that have been mentioned in the previous section in the context of the Indian textile industry to generate opportunity of improving the total revenue am ount. It is relevant to mention that the fashion and the textile industry need to implement change in the business ideas by introducing new product that is based upon the new demand generated within the market. According to Clarence-Smith (2014), it is always essential to initiate new process of investment which is aimed to add value to the existing product. This will not only help to multiply the product utility value but also provide opportunity to put forward the creativity of the textile industry in India. In the usual case of Indian textile industry, the manufacturer produces the garments according to the demand of the target group customer. This is believed to be one of the effective way to maintaining the total amount of revenue generated from the respective market. However, with value added products it is possible to generate new opportunity that is believed to be one of the basic principles of Blue Ocean Strategy (Nurhayati et al., 2015). The introduction of Amsler effect y arn by the Indian textile industry is a typical example which can help to implement the Blue Ocean Strategy in the respective market. This type of Yarn is a newly generated kind of fabric that is used in modern fashion and was introduced by manufacturers of Indian textile industry. With the help of this innovative yarn it is possible develop new kind of textile product that became highly popular among the European Nations (Raichurkar Ramachandran, 2015). The Indian textile industry has certain advantage with this kind of fabric due to the fact that no other Marketplace has been able to manufacture this unique kind of clothing. One of the effective ways of implementing Blue Ocean Strategy in the Indian textile industry is to persuade differentiation with low cost manufacturing products. The main idea of the Blue Ocean Strategy is to focus up on the competitive advantage of product that is available in the market with lower cost. As the products are available at lower cost, it is easily possible to generate the environment of hyper competition. Additionally, it is also necessary to focus on the fact that the quality of the product is not compromised due to low manufacturing. This is more relevant to the case of Indian textile industry due to the fact that cost of manufacturing new kind of garments is much lower due to low labour cost and other import duties. This has been one of the major competitive advantages of the Indian textile industry, which can also successfully able to generate new market space according to the terms described in Blue Ocean Strategy. It is also possible for the Indian textile indust ry to generate value innovation, which is usually achieved through the works of handloom and thereby able to generate new market space in the Global textile market. One of the strategic logic behind implementing new Market product is to identify the need of the buyers. Hence, with the help of Blue Ocean Strategy it is possible for the Indian textile industry to generate differentiation with innovative product and low cost that is believed to be one of the effective ways to compete in the global market and improve upon their business performance. This can be also applied in various features scenarios that can help to improve upon the rate of revenue generation, which is predicted for the Indian textile industry (Nurhayati et al., 2015). One of the basic principles of Blue Ocean Strategy is not based upon gaining competitive advantage. The main aim is to reconstruct the market demand thereby making competition is relevant in the respective industry. The Blue Ocean Strategy can help the Indian textile industry to break out the traditional principle of marketing and able to create new opportunity within the market. In the future, this will help to New Market space in the respective industry and generate new demand thereby improving upon the rate of promotion. Raymond is one key business organisation within the Indian textile industry, which introduced the concept of techno smart fabric. This is one of the perfect examples of introducing Blue Ocean Strategy within the respective market place. This is believed to be one of the innovative and smart type of fabric introduced by Raymond, which is believed to bring about Revolutionary changes in the Global textile market. The company has been able to introduce this innovativ e style of fabric and bring about new market demand within the fashion industry. With several new innovative products, it is possible for the Indian textile industry to make competition irrelevant within the global economy and improve upon their margin of profit (Wararkar, et al., 2016). Blue Ocean Strategy is also believed to be implement step by step process that not only helps to explore the new path of market space but also understand the path of targeting new group of customer. According to the principles of Blue Ocean Strategy there are 4 step of bringing about new strategic change in a respective industry. These steps are designed within the concept of analytical tools that has helped the Indian textile industry to develop a rigorous market environment at Global scale. It is also important for the marketing manager of the textile industry to conduct essential marketing research that can have them together proper necessary information. It is therefore also possible for the marketing expert to implement alternative marketing strategy thereby preparing for all kind of crisis situation in future scenarios. Hence, it can be said that the Blue Ocean Strategy is also effective not only for the present market situation, it can also help to develop New Market opportuni ty in spite of all adverse situation the future in the Indian textile industry (Charter Tischner, 2017). The Blue Ocean Strategy is also believed to implements new opportunity that can minimise the entire future risk adverse situation that can be paid by the Indian textile industry. It is important to mention about the red Ocean Strategy which is opposite concept of Blue Ocean, where companies are not able to generate hyper competitive advantage situation within the Marketplace. Hence, there are future risks that can be encountered by the Indian textile industry which is associated with entry of new Market Rivals. Nevertheless, the principles of Blue Ocean Strategy provide a unique robust mechanism to mitigate the risk into new business opportunity and thereby able to maintain the rate of success and revenue generation. The Blue Ocean index is one of the key developing concepts in this context that can help to identify the commercial value of the respective industry. The new idea generated by the Blue Ocean can help the Indian textile industry to test the commercial viability of New Tex tile product before they are being launched in the Global market (Ganapathy et al., 2014). It also help to provide answer to definite question like the why will the customer buy the new products that are being introduced in market. In other words, it will help to understand the importance of new product that is being launched within the respective market. It can also help to decide upon the pricing strategy that will help the new product of the textile industry to penetrate in the Global market. It is important mentioned in this context that at the initial stage it is highly necessary for the product to available at lower cost that can be affordable by a larger group of customers. Hence, it will be able to answer the question related to the relevancy of the new product to mass number of customers. It is important for the Indian textile industry to produce the new innovative product at a mass scale that can help to meet up with the growing demand of the Global market. There are also certain various that will be encountered by the Indian textile industry while introducing new product within the market. With the help of the research principles of Blue Ocean Strategy it is possible for the industry to identify all the barriers and thereby able to address the same in order to implement the new product with new business model. One of the highlighting features of the Blue Ocean Strategy is due to the fact that it is extremely easy to understand and communicate the strategy of business to the target customer group within the textile industry (Jakhar, 2015). Due to the fact that there is a wide and vast group of customer within the Indian textile industry, it is important for the manufacturers to communicate the business strategy with a simple form of business language. It is believed to be one of the effective ways to improve the popularity of new product within the target customers. Hence, it can be said that the Blue Ocean Strategy does provide an effective way to execute the business plan in practice. The blue Ocean Strategy helps to implement an analytic path that is implemented with human dimension of an organisation within the textile sector. It helps to identify and easy way to focus upon the demand of all stakeholders associated with in the functioning of the industry. It is thereby possible to bring about new changes that can fulfil the interest of all the associated stakeholders and clients. It is relevant to mention that one of the significant issue that have been associated with Indian textile industry is due to the fact that most of the manufacturers implement unethical process to recruit new workers within the industry. There also have been relevant issue due to the fact that in most of the cases the workers are not being paid proper amount. This is believed to be one of the legal issues of the Indian textile industry, which is mainly done in order to lower the cost of product. It is also believed that the bulk of the profit amount is usually consumed by the large scale manufacturers, thereby ignoring the needs of unskilled labours, who work at primary level especially within the Handloom section of the industry (Goel Goel 2014). With the help of the strategic principles of Blue Ocean theory it is possible to identify all the unethical practices that have been implemente d within the Indian textile industry and thereby implement proper strategy to bring about equality within the stakeholder associated with the industry. It is also important to mention about the case of introduction of large scale industrial and technological tools, which has been able to improve the rate of productivity. However, with the introduction of Technology and new machines, there are high risks of unemployment. As mentioned earlier, the Indian textile industry is one of the biggest Employment generations within the nation. However, as technology is being introduced the industry has encountered the risk of losing of job for unskilled labours. Nevertheless, with the help of the strategic principle of Blue Ocean Strategy it is possible to mitigate this challenge with the help of new skill development program that will help the unskilled workers to learn new techniques that can help them to work in large scale industry and thereby not face the challenge or risk of losing job (N ayakPadhye, 2015). One of the major reasons for success of the Indian textile industry over the past several years due to the fact that they are able to implement a clear distinction in the Global market from all other respective rivals. This is according to the principles of red Queen Effect in business, which is a similar theory of the Blue Ocean Strategy that helps to focus upon the competitive environment of a respective industry. Over the past many years the Indian textile industry has been able to introduce new innovative marketing strategy in the Global scale that was mainly possible due to various government schemes that aimed to improve over the level of skill among the workers. One of the major successes of the industry is due to the fact that in spite of new innovative technique implemented by the Chinese industry; the Indian textile industry has been able to maintain their unique position in the Global scale. According to Nurhayati et al., (2015), the red Queen effect in marketing is mainly based upon implementing new ideas in the market that is far ahead of all competitive Rivals. It is also essential for a respective industry to predict the future and all the upcoming trends, which is believed to be one of the key principles of success within the textile industry. As mentioned in the section of Blue Ocean Strategy it is important to note that the success of the Indian textile industry is highly dependent upon the research conducted by the manufacturer, which will help to identify the changing Trends of the fashion industry. As mentioned in the government report published by the Indian textile ministry it is said that innovative Action Plan is one of the basic principles of business culture that have been able to promote revenue in textile sector. The innovative culture that is maintained by various government schemes have helped to generate innovative products, which is also based upon the principles of sustainability. The implementation of digital marketing and electronic business commerce over the past few years has been one of the essential innovations within the Indian textile industry. According to the principles of red Queen Effect, the introduction of new technology in the marketing principles has been able to generate new revenue. There are dedicated innovation task team appointed by the government, which aims to conduct advanced level of marketing research and thereby monitor the investment made by the Central Public Sector Enterprise. The key areas of development within the textile sector include Handloom and handicraft, which is able to maintain the traditional culture of the textile business in India. The implementation of new technology within the sector is believed to be one of the ways to generate sustainable development and ensure no harm is being done within the environment. It is important to mention in this context that principles of sustainabil ity are one of the essential components of red Queen Effect in marketing. Critique of Theories applied As mentioned previously one of the drawback of Blue Ocean Strategy is due to the fact that it is not possible to predict all the future risk and threats that can generate after the process of implementing New Market space. It is important to mention that due to the fast changing scenario of the textile market in global scale, it is highly challenging for the Indian textile industry to maintain their respective place. Nevertheless, one of the major critics of the Blue Ocean Strategy is due to the fact that there is ethical concern due to the fact that companies can implement unfair means to gain competitive advantage while they are focusing on generating New Market space (Venugopal et al., 2015). With the help of the environment of competitive environment it is also possible to generate the rapid strategies that are needed in the case of hyper competition that is one of the major aims of the company. As new demand of innovative product is generated within the market, there is a high r isk that traditional manufacturers will suffer great amount of financial loss due to lowering of market demand. As in the case of Indian textile industry, the introduction of new fabric style by large scale companies like Raymond had posed greater level of challenge show the traditional Handloom workers and small scale industries in the respective domain. On the other hand, in case of red Queen effect there is high probability that small scale business organisation associated with the textile industry can lose significant competitive advantage due to the introduction of new product by multinational business corporations, who are able to produce bulk amount of products (Sharma Dhiman 2016). Conclusion In the concluding note it can be said that the Indian textile industry is one of the greatest generator Employment and also a greater contributor in the economics GDP. One of the major reasons for success of the Indian textile industry over the past many years is due to the fact that it has been able to implement new change in the business process. The implementation of Blue Ocean Strategy that focuses upon creating and developing New Market space is one of the effective marketing theories implemented in the respective domain. This has been one of the effective strategies to generate new demand in the Global textile market. Additionally, the red Queen strategy has also been implicated within the Indian textile industry, which helps the domain to improve upon their international trade business. In spite of the drawback and ethical issues related to both Blue Ocean and red Queen marketing strategy, the Indian textile industry has been able to utilise the same in order to maintain sustainability for future growth. It is also possible to identify new marketing opportunity and bring about innovation in the style of product. Reference Belemkar, S., Ramachandran, M. (2015). Recent Trends in Indian Textile Industry-Exploring Novel Natural Dye Products and Resources. International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes, 1(3), 33-41. Bourletidis, D. (2014). The strategic model of innovation clusters: Implementation of blue ocean strategy in a typical Greek region. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 645-652. Chakravorty, S. S., Hales, D. N. (2016). Sustaining process improvement: the Red Queen effect. Production Planning Control, 27(7-8), 621-636. Charter, M., Tischner, U. (Eds.). (2017). Sustainable solutions: developing products and services for the future. Routledge. Clarence-Smith, W. (2014). The textile industry of eastern Africa in the longue dure. Africa's Development in Historical Perspective, 264. Ganapathy, S. P., Natarajan, J., Gunasekaran, A., Subramanian, N. (2014). Influence of eco-innovation on Indian manufacturing sector sustainable performance. International Journal of Sustainable Development World Ecology, 21(3), 198-209. Goel, N., Goel, M. (2014). Trade Liberalization and its Impact on the Indian Textile Industry's Export Performance Vis-a-Vis other Competing Countries. Arthshastra: Indian Journal of Economics Research, 3(4), 41-46. Jakhar, S. K. (2015). Performance evaluation and a flow allocation decision model for a sustainable supply chain of an apparel industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 391-413. Kim, W. C., Mauborgne, R. A. (2014). Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard business review Press. Lee, Y. L., Wang, W. S., Chung, S. M. (2017, May). The Blue Ocean Strategy applied in a flood control product development. In Applied System Innovation (ICASI), 2017 International Conference on (pp. 1961-1964). IEEE. Morrison, J. L. (2016). Blue Ocean Program and Curriculum Design. Narwal, K. P., Jindal, S. (2015). The impact of corporate governance on the profitability: An empirical study of Indian textile industry. International Journal of Research in Management, Science Technology, 3(2), 81-85. Nayak, R., Padhye, R. (Eds.). (2015). Garment manufacturing technology. Elsevier. Nurhayati, R., Taylor, G., Tower, G. (2015). Investigating social and environmental disclosure practices by listed Indian textile firms. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(6), 361-372. Nurhayati, R., Taylor, G., Tower, G. (2015). Investigating social and environmental disclosure practices by listed Indian textile firms. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(6), 361-372. Raichurkar, P., Ramachandran, M. (2015). Recent Trends and Developments in Textile Industry in India. International Journal on Textile Engineering Processes, 1(4). Sharma, M., Dhiman, R. (2016). Determinants Affecting Indian Textile Exports: A Review. Biz and Bytes. A Journal of Management Technology, 6(2), 193-199. Siddique, A., Shukla, A. H. (2016). An Analytical Study of Red Ocean and Blue Ocean Strategy with Special Reference to Indian Premier League Twenty-20 Cricket. Venugopal, P., Giasuddin, B., Sivaji, J. (2015). Ethics and Social Responsibility in Indian Textile Industry (A Study on Textile Industries of Coimbatore and Tirupur, Tamil Nadu). Chanakya International Journal of Business Research, 1(1), 62-67. Verma, S., Kumavat, A., Biswas, A. (2015). Measurement of Technical Efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis: A Case of Indian Textile Industry. In 3rd International Conference on Advances in Engineering Sciences Applied Mathematics (ICAESAM2015) March (pp. 23-24). Wararkar, P., Kothari, M., Wararkar, K. (2016). Performance Analysis of Supply Chain Management Technique at Textile Industry in India in Accordance with Indian Textile Market. International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes, 2(3), 34-39. Zheng, W. (2017, January). The Red Queen Effect? Impact of Competition and Political Ties on Firm Performance and Efficiency. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 11220). Academy of Management.

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Strategic Corporate Finance- Presentation to Google

Strategic Corporate Finance- Presentation to Google Free Online Research Papers I will be submitting a detailed assessment of the three models Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), and The dividend Growth Model. By analyzing all three models and making a clear stance and determination which of the three would be the best conclusion for the Google Inc. I examined each of the applications as well as their respective ease of use. The Capital Asset Pricing Model is a single factor model that establishes a relationship between risks and required, expected returns of an investment in an asset. This concept is based on the general idea that investors demand higher returns for bearing riskier investments (Downes Goodman, 2003). The Arbitrage Pricing Theory is an alternative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The APT is a multi-factor model that is based on the measurement of the volatility of multiple risk factors common to the market (Downes Goodman, 2003). The Dividend Growth Model is an approach that assumes dividends grow at a constant rate in perpetuity. The value of the stock equals next years dividends divided by the difference between the required rate of return and the assumed constant growth rate in dividends. The basic assumption in the Dividend Growth Model is that the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate and that this growth rate will not change for the duration of the evaluated period (http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com). All three concepts have the same general purpose as for measuring the risk and required return for an asset, but achieve this goal through different means. CAPM is a single factor model in which risk measurement is concerned primarily with an asset’s volatility in relation to the general market, while APT is a multi-factor model where risk measurement is based on an asset’s volatility in relation to a various number of common market factors. CAPM is a more simplified, general approach to how an asset has historically moved in relation to the general market, while APT is a more difficult, complex concept laden with estimation errors, uncertainty, and possibly distracting factors. In this report I will discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Arbitrage Pricing Theory as well as the Dividend Growth Model and I will explain why I believe CAPM is a better approach than either of the other two for your company to use when measuring risk and required returns. Here is the three models in detail; Dividend Growth Model In this approach it is assumed that dividends grow at a constant rate in perpetuity. The Dividend Growth Model is better suited for those stable companies that fit the model. Those that are growing quickly or that don’t pay dividends do not fit the assumption parameters, and thus this model cannot be used. In this model, a company may not exceed the market growth rate. In addition, since the dividend growth rate is expected to remain constant indefinitely, the other measures of performance within the company are also expected to maintain the same growth rate. If in the current state, the dividend rate is greater that earnings, in time this model will show a dividend payout greater than the earnings of the company. Conversely, if earnings are growing faster than dividends, the payout rate will converge towards zero. Capital Asset Pricing Model The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a better approach for financial professionals to use than the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) when measuring the risk and required return for assets. The Capital Asset Pricing Model is a single factor model that establishes a relationship between risk and required/expected returns of an investment in an asset. This concept is rooted in the general idea that investors demand higher returns for bearing riskier investments (Downes Goodman, 2003). The CAPM is a single factor model in the sense that a single variable, the beta, is the foundation for all the differences in returns for all securities (Smart, Megginson, Gitman, 2007). The beta is the measure of how stocks move and its relationship to the market as a whole. It is essentially a measure of systematic risk that affects the market as a whole and cannot be neutralized by diversification. Assuming that the market as a whole moves at a beta measurement of 1, then a beta of higher than one would indicate that an asset moves more drastically than the market in general, while a beta of lower than one implicates that an asset moves less drastically than the market as a whole. The beta is the single factor in the CAPM equation that denotes differences throughout all securities. The CAPM equation used to measure the risk and required return of an asset centers around three inputs. These inputs are the risk free rate, the expected market return rate, and an asset’s beta. By using these three pieces of information we can assume that the required rate of return to accept the risk on an asset equals the sum of the risk free rate and an asset’s beta multiplied by the risk premium, which is the difference between the expected market return rate and risk free rate. As long as we have this information we can calculate the required rate of return for accepting the certain level of risk associated with an individual asset (Hamm, 2006). An asset’s beta is the only true variable in this equation as the risk free rate and expected market return rate will stay constant among the different assets with varying betas. Utilizing an asset’s beta, the risk free rate, and the expected market return rate, the CAPM equation can be a very useful tool in evaluating an assets risk and reward element in relation to the rest of the market as a whole. The CAPM equation and its ability to give a reasonable calculation about the required rate of return for accepting particular levels of risk in the market are enabled under a number of assumptions. A few of these assumptions are that all investors are generally risk averse and do require a higher level of returns for riskier investments, that diversifiable or unsystematic risk can be neutralized through diversification and that as a result investors are only concerned with the systematic risk of an investment, that the market offers no reward for unsystematic risk, and that all investors possess homogeneous expectations (Smart, Megginson, Gitman, 2007). Many of the assumptions associated with CAPM are not entirely realistic and exist in the most part to simplify this model for decision making (The CAPM and APT). The general purpose of the CAPM is to give investors a reasonable estimate of a required rate of return that would be needed on an asset in order to accept its level of risk. Assuming that unsystematic risk has been or can be diversified in a portfolio, CAPM is primarily concerned with the affect of systematic risk or general market risk on an asset. Using its historical volatility in correlation to market movement as an indicator as well as the risk free rate and expected market return rate, this model gives investors a general idea as to the risk and reward associated with a particular asset. Even though it is simple in nature, this model can be a very powerful and useful tool in investment decision making. An alternative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model is the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Arbitrage Pricing Theory Unlike CAPM, APT is founded in the idea that the risk and return of an asset are affected by a group of different market factors (Smart, Megginson Gitman, 2007). As opposed to the CAPM, where the systematic risk of the market as a whole is applied to assets, the APT segregates the total systematic risk into smaller components of market risk. APT does not specify, identify, or give any guidance as to what these factors are or how many exist (The Economist, 1991). These different risk factors signify different types of systematic risk that cannot be neutralized by diversification. All assets are affected by each individual market factor and its own individual factor beta (Smart, Megginson Gitman, 2007). The APT attempts to break many of the basic assumptions of the CAPM. This theory establishes the idea that different assets will have a varying level of sensitivity to these smaller, common market risk factors. The theory also asserts that investors have varying levels of risk tolerance and need to structure portfolio selection and portfolio risk management to their own specific goals (Otuteye, 1998). This is a more advanced concept than the CAPM, but still presents an issue in regards to the unknown set of smaller risk factors that constitute the systematic risk. The complexity of this theory in addition to a random amount of unknown factors is where we begin to see problems with this concept. No one knows the exact factors that constitute the systematic risk of the market that have a significant movement affect on assets, affecting their risk and return (Otuteye, 1998). The volatility of assets in relation to the different risk factors may have either a relevant and useful affect or misleading influence. APT allows for multiple sources of risk within the systematic risk realm that affect an asset’s market sensitivities. Neither professionals nor academics can come to an agreement on the number or identity of these different risk factors. The more risk factors that an investor includes in risk and return evaluation of an asset, the more misleading noise they may have to endure (The CAPM and APT). The inability to accurately identify correct sets risk factors or even predict their behavior can significantly impact estimates and exp ectations as well as severely hinder investment evaluation and decision making. APT could be a very useful tool in theory. It is a much more advanced concept than CAPM. However, the current APT contains many errors in association with the many different risk factors, especially as a result of the unknown number and identity of the various, common risk factors. The APT is certainly more complex and difficult to use than the CAPM. APT’s main issue is that of theory versus practicality (The CAPM and APT). In theory, this could be a great tool in determining the varying degree of sensitivity and risk associated with different assets in the market as a result of the varying factors of systematic risk. In practice, our inability to accurately identify the number or type of risk factors affect the sensitivity of assets make this a difficult, complex, and inconclusive model to follow. Regarding the ease of use of the three models, I will submit the following analysis. There are a number of reasons why CAPM is the better approach than APT and the Dividend Growth Model for our company to use when evaluating the risk and return of an investment. CAPM is a very simple yet powerful and useful tool in evaluating the risk and return acceptable in decisions about investments. It uses historical volatility in correlation to the market movement in order to provide a reasonable indication of required or expected returns for varying levels of risk associated with different assets. Also, many of these reasons are a result of the difficulties associated with APT. Some of the difficulties and problems that arise with APT are estimation error, uncertainty of varying risk factors among assets, risk factors change over time, timing differences among factors, and its complexity. Estimation and expectation errors occur with APT as a result of the issue pertaining to the unknown number or identity of risk factors (The CAPM and APT). It is difficult for any multi-factor model to not have a clear set of influential parameters for analysis and evaluation. â€Å"This can make the model difficult to understand and increase the role of misleading â€Å"noise† that can significantly distort any results† (eMasterTrade, APT). The uncertainty of varying risk factors among assets can also create a problem when using the APT. The behavior of every individual asset is different. As a result of this, every individual asset will have its own composite of risk factors that will affect its volatility. This situation makes it difficult to match or use â€Å"sets† of factors among assets. The composition and makeup of these sets of risk factors will also change over time. This means that APT’s model will only be relevant for an undisclosed period of time and must be continually rebuilt as necessary. Many of the risk factors that affect an asset may change. This relates to another problem with this the model of APT and varying risk factors. Risk factors are not predictable and do not exist on a schedule. Different risk factors will affect the sensitivity of an asset at different times that are not determinable. â€Å"This can create another issue with the estimation or expectation of risk a nd return on an asset† (eMasterTrade, APT). Overall, APT is far too complex, involving too many parameters and risk factors that cannot be properly identified or predicted. This is a concept that is great in theory, but cannot practically be applied in a predictable, reasonable, or accurate manner. CAPM on the other hand utilizes a simple model based on indicating historical volatility in relation to the movement of the entire economy and market. The CAPM is easier model to use and understand. As a result of the differences inherent in these two models, the CAPM model can give us more reasonable estimates of the required rate of return acceptable in relation to the level of risk associated with an asset. Regarding the Dividend Growth Model it is quite an appealing approach to certain companies, but The Dividend Growth Model approach to estimating the cost of equity has some appeal to management as it directly links the strategic plans, goals, and objectives to the cost of capital, and it is simple to calculate. However, if a company does not pay a dividend or it has an erratic or uncertain growth rate, the dividend growth model cannot be used (Finance and Accounting for the Nonfinancial Managers, J.Fred Watson, pg 285). This makes this model a little less desirable and I would opt for the certainty of the CAPM over it for our company. In summary, I would recommend the Capital Asset Pricing Model due to it is a much simpler and straightforward approach to calculating the risk and required return associated with an asset than the Arbitrage Pricing Theory and the Dividend Growth Model. The Arbitrage Pricing Theory is much more complex, while containing unknown variables which it behavior and affect cannot truly be measured, while the Dividend Growth Model works well for those companies growing at a rate equal to or lower than that of the economy and have an established and stable dividend payout. Although it is conceptually more advanced than the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Arbitrage Pricing Theory is inherent with potential disadvantages. These potential disadvantages, in addition to the more reasonably accurate evaluative and analytical ability of its alternative, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, make CAPM the best approach for Google to use when calculating the risk required and expected return of possible i nvestments. References: 1. APT Arbitration Pricing Theory. E-Mastertrade.Com. 12 Feb. 2007 . 2. Downs, John, and Jordan E. Goodman, eds. Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms. 6th ed. New York: Barrons Educational Series, Inc., 2003. 3. Downs, John, and Jordan E. Goodman, eds. Capital Asset Pricing Model. Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms. 6th ed. New York: Barrons Educational Series, Inc., 2003. 4. Hamm, D.B.(2006) â€Å"Managerial Finance: Chapter 13-Return, Risk, the Security Market Line. 5. Otuteye, E. (1998). The arbitrage pricing dichotomy. Canadian Investment Review. Winter 1998. Retrieved online from the ProQuest database, Touro Cyberlibrary 6. http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Dividend+growth+model 7. Risk and Return. The Economist 318 (1991): 72. ProQuest. TUI. 12 Feb. 2007. 8. Smart, Scott B., William L. Megginson, and Lawrence J. Gitman. Corporate Finance. 2nd ed. Mason: Thomson South-Western, 2007. 226-235. 9. The CAPM and APT; Does One Outperform the Other? Geocities.Com. 13 Feb. 2007 . Research Papers on Strategic Corporate Finance- Presentation to GoogleIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperBringing Democracy to AfricaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Mechanism of Locating the Client's DaTa in the Clouds Research Paper

Mechanism of Locating the Client's DaTa in the Clouds - Research Paper Example Owing to the current rapid prevalence of Cloud computing many clients are increasingly using the clouds to store sensitive information and this necessitates encrypting the data so as to protect the stored data against unsolicited access (Lasica, 76). A major challenge of data encryption in the clouds is that it makes it difficult for the Clients to locate their data. This is particularly with regard to the fact that the encryption of data in cloud computing significantly limits the ability of clients to use the traditional keyword searches in locating their data. Additionally data in the clouds usually require protection of their key word privacy to enhance the security of the stored data. This paper explores the potential use of string matching algorithms as a mechanism to enable clients using cloud computing effectively locates their stored data within the cloud. String matching (Fuzzy keyword) algorithms Generally cloud data systems usually consist of the client, data service prov ider and the cloud server. Advances in computing technology have enabled the use of networks and data identifier algorithms to build a mechanism that allows the clients to locate their data in the clouds based on string matching of the any data. ... data identifiers algorithms are usually designed to enable clients determine the location of their data in the cloud using the infrastructural network. These algorithms are also used to track and monitor the movement of data within the servers. Many methods can be used to determine the string familiarity of the cloud data. For example the edit distance measures string match of the given keywords. This not only allow the clients depending on cloud storage services to locate their data but it also help them to effectively correct potential errors and problems in their stored data. Additionally the similarity of the located data and the intended search may also reveal potential problems such as duplicate data and lack of uniformity in the content and format (Armbrust, 56). String matching algorithm as a data identifier mechanism also enhances the search correctness of the data being searched by the client. For example if the client needs to locate some data using an input that matches t he data in the clouds, then the server will accurately locate the file using the keywords search request. The clients are therefore able to determine the location of their data within the virtual cloud network. On the other hand, any errors in spelling or inconsistencies in the format of the search keyword for the data being searched often bring the possible closest result based on the similarities of the keywords. How string matching data identifier algorithms work String matching algorithms function by allowing clients to locate data within the clouds using exact matching words. According to Abadi (33), the closeness of the match of the data being located is usually measured using the possible number of operations needed to convert the string into the exact match. The number is usually

Software Engendering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Software Engendering - Assignment Example Additionally, it can be stated that the fact that this kind of a development method helps the customers to select the next set of releases by pinpointing on the most valuable features (often called stories) while analyzing them on the basis of cost factors plays a major role in reducing the time period required for development (Beck 71). The fourth characteristic of this kind of a development method is the fact that the larger project can be divided in to multiple smaller assignments and can be handled individually by the various team members in a very short time span. Another very important characteristic is the fact that this kind of a development method has an iteration step, the main goal of which is to produce the new stories that have been already tested. Types of software that can be developed by using the agile development and extreme programming method While trying to identify the software that can be developed by implementing an agile development, the focus needs to be give n on the nature of operations that are associated with this development method. It has to be mentioned that this kind of a development requires continuous engagement as well as participation of the client (Fowler, â€Å"Is Design Dead†). ... The continuous interaction of the client with the developers as well as the need to develop the projects in a very short time span will greatly help in implementing and following this kind of a development method. Apart from outsourced projects, this kind of extreme programming as well as agile development method can be followed in-house project developments for SME organizations where the requirements are not properly defined (Beck, 1999, p. 77). Comparing agile development method with Waterfall model It needs to be highlighted that the waterfall model comprises four different and very important steps like analysis, design, implementation as well as test. The waterfall model requires a proper planning of the entire processes. Each of the four important stages of the waterfall model is very time consuming in nature. It also needs to be stated that since the entire process is very stringent in nature, the ability to make any incremental changes in the development process of the softwa re is very low. The long development cycles of the waterfall model makes it very y harmful for the entire developing team as it unnecessarily blocks the required amount of resources. In comparing the waterfall model with that of the agile development method, it can be stated that the agile development method is highly flexible in nature. Also, the entire development time can be reduced in a great manner under the agile development model. Comparing agile development method with Iterative model In elaborating about the iterative model, it can be stated that the model follows similar stages as compared to that of the waterfall model. However, the time consumption in the process of project development is relatively shorter as

Hinduism, History of Christian Thought, and Greek Philosophy Research Paper

Hinduism, History of Christian Thought, and Greek Philosophy - Research Paper Example A study of the religious scriptures in Hindu mythology reveals various forms of Krishna and its simultaneous worships. The figures of Krishna as the supreme manifestation of power have been portrayed in every form. Three levels of Krishna mythology have been evident from the study of religious doctrines. The oldest and the most popular form of Krishna are evident in the oldest core of the Mahabharata. In Mahabharata Krishna is depicted as the son of the Vasudeva and Devaki. In Mahabharata Krishna has been portrayed to belong from the Yadava society and plays an instrumental part in the war of Kurukshetra where he served as the charioteer of Arjuna. In the expanded version of Mahabharata we find Krishna as the incarnation of Vishnu and the wisdoms of the Bhagwad Gita, The holy book of the Hindu’s are proclaimed through him. The form of incarnation of Visnu was found after 300 B.C.E which is popularly known as the early Hindu period. After 200 C.E. Krishna is depicted as the cowherd of Vrindavana and symbolizes as the passionate lover of Gopis and Radha in particular. This depiction of character of Krishna is found in Harivamsa and Vishnu purana. Other than a passionate lover Krishna he is portrayed as a slayer of demons. However in the Pre Aryan period there is no evidence of w orship of Krishna. The first two images of Krishna as the chief of Yadava and the reincarnation of lord Vishnu settled from the area of Dwarka to Mathura. However the form of Krishna as the cowherd of Vrindavana is not there in the Bhagwat Gita. The divine power of Krishna is evident in the Vishnu purana from his childhood where he demolishes various demons encountered by him. In Viishnu Purana however Krishna is not portrayed to take part in the war nor is a teacher of Gita. (Hopkins, p 99-104) The different form of Krishna often raises confusion. But the portrayal of Krishna in different forms in different era of Hindu mythology stresses on the fact that the presence of Krishna is there as a form of good source of energy and its presence cannot be ignored. The idea of re-incarnation of Vishnu as Krishna also is based on the same propositions as Vishnu is claimed to have ten other avatars. The Hindus have handled the different adaptations oh Krishna but worships them as a single fo rce of power. The importance of historical study is important in understanding the theology of Hindu. The different forms of Krishna and its significance can be clearly understood by studying the different religious chronicle in different times of history. The division of Hindu mythology is also very vast and should be studied minutely to have a clear understanding of the proceedings. The depiction of varied character of Krishna in Vishnu purana and Gita shows considerable link between them and helps to conclude that both of the characters are of the same person. Worksheet -15 1. The teachings of Athanasius were held as harsh by the church of Alexandaeria. His teachings tried to pry matters outside his domain which made him look unpopular. However his teachings were in favor of the council of Nicaea. He also used homousious and he believed that the divinity of the worlds would not have been possible by the divine participation of god. His meltian opponents were Eusebius and Arsenius . He exiled to Trier to prevail peace between the church and the east and the rise of the hostility with the opponents. He refused to attend many types of council as charges would be stacked against him. (Frend, 524) 2. The council of Sardica took place under a series of events. Constantine was governing the empire and he himself murdered his wife Fusta. The eastern frontier on the other hand was managed by his nephew. Constantine used his administrative skills to manage the empire. The importance of the council lies in the fact that the three brothers who were ruling had different views. Constantine II and Constants promoted the views of Nicaea whereas Constantius was guided by the view of Eusebi. In order to prevent the difference of view and reach a

Good Country People Stereotypes And Narcissism English Literature Essay

Good Country People Stereotypes And Narcissism English Literature Essay People must be comfortable with every aspect of themselves, because certain people, who in this story are represented by Manley Pointers character, can easily exploit their weaknesses. Hes good country people and the salt of the earth as Mrs. Hopewell refers to Manley Pointer who really is a demon that they must face. A demon to remind them of their weaknesses. Beginning with Mrs. Hopewell, the title of the story comes from what she likes to call the poorer and less fortunate people that live off the land and work their whole lives just to hang on to some scrap of a life. This is how she views these people. She believes that they are good country people not a bad seed among them, that they are all eager to help out and bow in humility to the upper class. The gullible nature of Mrs. Hopewell betrays her true vision of a situation. She is one of those people who are all goody-goody to people who they view as less fortunate. Shes a person that commends or speaks for the people she knows nothing about. Altogether this is her true weakness that is taken advantage of by Manley Pointer. One of Mrs. Hopewells favorite sayings, Nothing is perfect, is seen in the very beginning of the story. Her saying was just that; a saying. The quote acts as foreshadowing for what her attitude towards life will be. We later find out that she is right, but that she does not live by her credo. Manley Pointer exploits this weakness as soon as she opened her door. Showing up as a pathetic bible salesman with an ailing heart (which is coincidentally exactly what Joy-Hulga had) laying the old guilt trip on Mrs. Hopewell on how no one wants to deal with a simple country boy like himself, he attacks her weakness right at the heart of it. Not more than two minutes after he knocked on the door, he ends up eating dinner with them and at the conclusion is even invited to return any time hed like. His persona blinds Mrs. Hopewell and prevents her from being somewhat suspicious of Manley. At the en d of the story, we see that Mrs. Hopewell is still clouded by her weakness and refers to Manly as simple as he passes through a field by Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman. Unlike Mrs. Hopewell, Joy-Hulga faces and comes to a realization of her weakness. Joy-Hulga, who had grown cynical and cold as she grew up with only one leg and heart ailment, creates an image that she is smarter and better than the rest of the characters in the story. Her education and self-absorption seemed to instill this attitude in her to greater extent than if she hadnt studied and read so much. Her weakness is the feeling of power she believed she gained from her studies. She refers to herself as a person who sees through nothing. Little does she know that she is stating her greatest weakness by saying this. Her hidden desires cause her several problems later on. After years of education and self-absorption, Joy-Hulga felt that she had no weaknesses. Science wishes to know nothing of nothing and this is the cr edo followed by Joy-Hulga. Her line of thinking turned out to be a weakness in itself. Her weaknesses are so prominent and hurtful from her childhood that she doesnt want to be reminded of them. Manley Pointer puts Joy-Hulga into a position where she feels in control. She took all his shame away and turned it into something useful. She believes that she is manipulating Manley, but it is he who is doing the manipulating. She lets her guard down because she feels in such great control and becomes comfortable with Manley. She is being manipulated from the start, and no amount of education can stop the fact that she doesnt see it coming. As soon as she admits to loving Manley Pointer, he sees the opening to completely destroy the facade she worked so hard to create her whole life. Before Joy-Hulga even knows it, her glasses are off and Manley has removed her leg. Physically she is broken down, but the real damage is done mentally. She knows that all control of the situation is out of he r hands, and she once again feels the discomfort felt during her childhood days. Manley Pointer exploits joy-Hulgas weakness to the fullest extent, because she never sees it coming. Joy-Hulga believed she was superior because she learned to see through nothing, but she doesnt realize that Manley has known this much longer than she which is even more prominent coupled with his seemingly lack of conscience. Manley is the only character in the story that has no apparent weakness. Taking into consideration the religious theme within the story, he takes on a persona of a devil-like character. He seems to be an almost omniscient character, which would fall in line with a powerful type of being. Being the protagonist in the story he acts not on an individual level, but more of a level revolving around mankind. His use of religion as a tool to carry out his acts of degradation and deception support this persona. He even says to Joy-Hulga, I hope you dont think I believe in that crap. Other things that represent this devil-like character is the hollow bible in which he kept instruments of a sort of sin. A definite clue to this is also when he also states to Joy-Hulga that He uses a different name every place he goes. The fact that the devil is referred to by many different names in all different regions of the world and different time throughout history shows another similarity between Manley Pointer and the devil. Manipulation and degradation seem to be his only objectives in life. At the conclusion of the story when Manley is passing by Mrs. Freemen and Mrs. Hopewell, the onion shoots that they are picking are even referred to as evil smelling the moment he passes. Mrs. Freemen is more of a minor character in the story but she is referred to as having two emotions, forward and reverse. This is important because then a person is forced to go in reverse they must face something or learn something they dont want to know about themselves. This seems to be what happens during the course of the story for Joy-Hulga. Although all the characters in the story are stuck in reverse, the only character that is forced to realize her weakness, which destroys the facade that she created is Joy-Hulga. It seems that in this story as in life the most high and mighty suffers the greatest fall. Joy-Hulga was the one who perceived herself to be the high and mighty of the characters. This attitude is displayed with many of her comment to Mrs. Hopewell. Perhaps when Joy-Hulga remarks to Mrs. Hopewell, Woman, do you ever look inside? she shouldve taken her own advice.

The Road To Salvation Essay -- essays research papers

Dhanpat Rai Shrivastava was born on July 31, 1880 in the small village of Lamahi, located near the city of Banaras in India. Although born into the Hindu Kaystha caste, made up of professionals including writers, doctors and lawyers, his family was poor. His father was a low paid postal employee. His mother died when he was only eight years old. His father remarried, but Dhanpat Rai did not like his stepmother. He studied Urdu and Persian, languages used in literature and administration in 19th century North India at a nearby school. He recalles his childhood fondly in one of his stories, so it is fairly safe to assume that he was a happy and well cared for child. Dhanpat Rai was married at the early age of fifteen. This marriage did not last long, possibly because he was rushed into the marriage by his father. He later remarried a balavidhava, or childhood widow named Shivrani Devi. This marriage was a happy one, and they had several children together. She was said to be very supportive of him throughout their lives together. Dhanpat Rai graduated from school at the age of eighteen and began to teach around the countryside. He taught for a few years in various North Indian towns while earning a college degree. Dhanpat Rai began to write when he began teaching school. He took up the pen name Premchand when he began writing. His writing was more than just a past time for him; it was an attempt to change the social structure of India. Premchand died at the age of 56 on Oc...

Gender, Race, and Religion in the Colonization of the Americas Essay

Colonization is associated with the occupation of a foreign land. The definition of colonization is broad. However, it is used in the materialist and the traditionalist sense, rather than the metaphorical, to refer to the expropriation and exploitation of land and/or resources by one group over another. Various countries and continents fell under the York of colonization, and one such case is the African continent. The motivation for European’s colonization of different regions such as Africa was a combination of curiosity, missionary effects, scientific inquiry, exploitation of natural resources, and philanthropic desire to bring progress to Africa and its inhabitants. This is as per the definition of the Europeans. While Christianity and some desire to promote commerce were primary drivers of European interest in Africa, the dominating view was one of laissez-faire politics, assuming that contact with Europe and the desire to trade and interchange would stimulate African dev elopment. Beginning 1800 European powerhouses such as Britain, France, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Germany, and the Netherlands expanded their rule and influence to different parts of Africa. This led to the rise of colonial rule that affected nearly all institutions, politics, and social settings including growth and control of certain industries, government structures, education systems and health practices (Udeze, 2009). In the early periods of the twentieth century, European governments were claiming sovereignty over all, but six of the roughly forty political units into which the African continent had been divided by European missionaries and exploration. By doing this, these countries had already begun to lay claim to African territory, and this may have been attributed more to their competition with each other in Europe as opposed to the desire of developing colonies. In large part, the main focus of the colonial powers was to extract resources from Africa such as ivory, rubber, ores et c etera. In the case of colonization in Africa, there has been a significant debate about the impact of colonialism in Africa. In the grand scheme of the continent’s history, the colonial era lasted a short time –less than a century. The Eurocentric scholars often gave the early accounts of the colonial period in Africa and they emphasized the positive impacts of colonization by focusing on the introduction of new technology, civilizing mission, medical advances, and the onset of modernity. On the other hand, the era of African nationalism resulted in the emergence of Afrocentric and Marxist analysis of colonization in Africa that was hardly sympathetic to the European point of view. In general, these studies concluded that the colonial era interrupted Africa’s natural development and condemned the continent to stagnation and continued exploitation. That being said, it is clear that colonization in Africa came with its fair share of positive and negative outcomes alike. The nature of economic activities promoted during the colonial period caused the spread of cash crop agriculture, which in some cases allowed Africans to acquire wealth and raise their standard of living. Economically speaking, colonialism fostered the construction of economic infrastructure –roads, railroads, telegraph, and ports. However, the purposeful emphasis on cash crop agriculture impeded industrial development in Africa. This is because European nations did not want industrial competition. Furthermore, Africa’s integration into a world economy resulted in a system that encouraged Africans to produce what they could not use and use what they did not produce, creating national economies extremely susceptible to an economic crisis. America is another classical example of countries that were subjected to colonialism. American was a former colony of the British. Some of the most heated debates about colonization in America concerned whether this was primarily a form of gradual emancipation and a conservative alternative to abolitionism, or whether it is understood as a racist movement that ultimately reinforced slavery in America. Through colonization, America was able to realize its economic potential and today it is one the leading economies across the globe. Furthermore, colonization in America led to the introduction of an employee benefits program that helps to add to economic stability whereby the income and welfare of American families are guaranteed (Yarema, 2006). However, it cannot go without saying that the colonization of America increased the widespread of slavery that is often considered as a negative impact of colonialism in America. A lot of people from Africa were shipped to America to work as slaves. In its most benevolent formulations, the colonization movement proposed that, due to prejudice within the United States, free blacks and those who worked as slaves could not experience the full benefits of freedom, equality, or citizenship in America. This acted as a catalyst for racism, and some African-Americans did agree that the best course would be to leave the country and start freshly in Africa. In other cases, slaveholders made colonization a condition of manumission, leaving African-American women and men with the choice between slavery and Liberia (Jaffary, 2007). Other than slavery, the other negative impact of colonization in America is that it was premised on the assumption that a multiracial republic could not function prope rly. Effects of one culture trying to colonize the other are bound occur in one way or the other. The subject of colonization in the African historical experience; should explain why every cultural trend discovered in Africa by later observers should not be simply tagged as original African culture and the tradition of the group living it; or of Africa as a whole. The strongest arguments are based on the dramatic change and twists inflicted on the original African culture by the acts of colonization by the West in the history of Black Africa. As a result of Europeans invading Africa on the pretext of exploration, this did not only retard the steady growth of the original African cultures, it created confusion, a distortion and a form of syncretism. Based on the incompatible nature of these two cultures, the Europeans amalgamated cultures indiscriminately. This act of colonization inflicted an enormous long-term suppression on the totality of the African cultures colonized, and effected an extensive implant of the colonizing foreign cultures that are better referred to as Western cultures. The act of one culture colonizing the other cannot escape the fact that culture is a man-made reality; thus, it is a product of man. Each culture has its specific imperfections. The situation becomes worse when one culture, with all its imperfections, imposes itself indiscriminately on another culture; thus permeates its victims with its own imperfections; hence, proliferating evil and imperfections (Rieder, 2008). Because of the indifference of these two cultures, the European colonizers treated Africa as only a vast extension of land mass and paid very little or no attention to the people occupying that land mass except when they could consider them as a commercial vehicle or as any other means and instrument of making their insatiable material cravings come to fruition within the grips of their fingers. References Jaffary, N.E. (2007). Gender, Race, and Religion in the Colonization of the Americas. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing. Rieder, J. (2008). Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. Udeze, B. (2009). Why Africa?: A Continent in a Dilemma of Unanswered Questions. Xlibris Corporation. Yarema, A. E. (2006). American Colonization Society: An Avenue to Freedom? Maryland: University Press of America. Source document

The Terror - History of the French Revolution

The Terror - History of the French Revolution In July 1793, the revolution was at its lowest ebb. Enemy forces were advancing over French soil, British ships hovered near French ports hoping to link up with rebels, the Vendà ©e had become a region of open rebellion, and Federalist revolts were frequent. Parisians were worried that Charlotte Corday, the assassin of Marat, was only one of the thousands of provincial rebels operating in the capital ready to strike down the leaders of the revolution in droves. Meanwhile, power struggles between sansculottes and their enemies had begun to erupt in many sections of Paris. The whole country was unfolding into a civil war.   It got worse before it got better. While many of the Federalist revolts were collapsing under both local pressures- food shortages, fear of reprisals, reluctant to march far- and the actions of Convention Deputies sent on mission, on August 27th, 1793 Toulon accepted an offer of protection from a British fleet which had been sailing offshore, declaring themselves in favor of the infant Louis VII and welcoming the British to port. The Terror Begins While the Committee of Public Safety wasnt an executive government- on August 1st, 1793, the Convention refused a motion calling for it to become the provisional government; it was the closest France had to anyone being in overall charge, and it moved to meet the challenge with utter ruthlessness. Over the next year, the committee  marshaled the nations resources to tackle its many crises. It also presided over the bloodiest period of the revolution: The Terror. Marat may have been killed, but many French citizens were still forwarding his ideas, chiefly that only the extreme use of the guillotine against traitors, suspects, and counter-revolutionaries would solve the countrys problems. They felt terror was necessary- not figurative terror, not a posture, but actual government rule through terror.   The Convention deputies increasingly heeded these calls. There were complaints about a spirit of moderation in the Convention and another series of price increases were quickly blamed on endormers, or dozer (as in sleeping) deputies. On September 4th, 1793, a demonstration for more wages and bread was quickly turned to the advantage of those calling for terror, and they returned on the 5th to march to the Convention. Chaumette, backed by thousands of sans-culottes, declared that the Convention should tackle the shortages by strict implementation of the laws. The Convention agreed, and in addition voted to finally organize the revolutionary armies people had agitated for over previous months to march against the hoarders and unpatriotic members of the countryside, although they turned down Chaumette’s request for the armies to be accompanied by guillotines on wheels for even swifter justice. In addition, Danton argued that arms production should be increased until every patriot had a musket and that the Revolutionary Tribunal should be divided to increase efficiency. The sansculottes had once again forced their wishes onto and through the Convention; terror was now in force. Execution On September 17th, a Law of Suspects was introduced allowing for the arrest of anyone whose conduct suggested they were supporters of tyranny or federalism, a law which could be easily twisted to affect just about everyone in the nation. Terror could be applied to everyone, easily. There were also laws against nobles who had been anything less than zealous in their support for the revolution. A maximum was set for a wide range of food and goods and the Revolutionary Armies formed and set out to search for traitors and crush the revolt. Even speech was affected, with citizen becoming the popular way of referring to others; not using the term was a cause for suspicion. Its usually forgotten that the laws passed during the Terror went beyond simply tackling the various crises. The Bocquier Law of December 19th, 1793 provided a system of compulsory and free state education for all children aged 6 – 13, albeit with a curriculum stressing patriotism. Homeless children also became a state responsibility, and people born out of wedlock were given full inheritance rights. A universal system of metric weights and measurements was introduced on August 1, 1793, while an attempt to end poverty was made by using ‘suspects’ property to aid the poor. However, it is the executions for which the Terror is so infamous, and these began with the execution of a faction called the Enrages, who was soon followed by the former queen, Marie Antoinette, on October 17th and many of the Girondins on October 31st. Around 16,000 people (not including deaths in the Vendà ©e, see below) went to the guillotine in the next nine months as the Terror lived up to its name, and around the same again also died as a result, usually in prison. In Lyons, which surrendered at the end of 1793, the Committee of Public Safety decided to set an example and there were so many to be guillotined that on December 4th-8th, 1793 people were executed en masse by cannon fire. Whole areas of the town were destroyed and 1880 killed. In Toulon, which was recaptured on December 17th thanks to one Captain Bonaparte and his artillery, 800 were shot and nearly 300 guillotined. Marseilles and Bordeaux, which also capitulated, escaped relatively lightly with only hundreds executed. The Repression of the Vendà ©e The Committee of Public Safetys counter-offensive took the terror deep into the heart of the Vendà ©e. Government forces also began winning battles, forcing a retreat which killed around 10,000 and the whites began to melt away. However, the final defeat of the Vendà ©es army at Savenay was not the end, because repression followed which ravaged the area, burnt swathes of land and slaughtered around a quarter of a million rebels. In Nantes, the deputy on mission, Carrier, ordered the guilty to be tied up on barges which were then sunk in the river. These were the noyades and they killed at least 1800 people. The Nature of the Terror Carriers actions were typical of autumn 1793 when deputies on mission took the initiative in spreading the Terror using revolutionary armies, which may have grown to 40,000 strong. These were normally recruited from the local area they were to operate in and were usually comprised of artisans from the cities. Their local knowledge was essential in seeking out hoarders and traitors, usually from the countryside. Around half a million people may have been imprisoned across France, and 10,000 may have died in prison without trial. Many lynchings also occurred. However, this early phase of the terror was not, as legend recalls, aimed at nobles, who made up only 9% of the victims; clergy were 7%. Most executions occurred in Federalist areas after the army had regained control and some loyal areas escaped largely unscathed. It was  normal, everyday people, killing masses of other normal, everyday people. It was a civil war, not class. Dechristianization During the Terror, deputies on mission began attacking the symbols of Catholicism: smashing images, vandalizing buildings, and burning vestments. On October 7th, in Rheims, the sacred oil of Clovis which was used to anoint French kings was smashed. When a revolutionary calendar was introduced, making a break with the Christian calendar by starting on September 22nd, 1792 (this new calendar had twelve-thirty day months with three ten-day weeks) the deputies increased their dechristianization, especially in regions where rebellion had been put down. The Paris Commune made dechristianization an official policy and attacks began in Paris on religious symbols: Saint was even removed from street names. The Committee of Public Safety grew concerned about the counter-productive effects, especially Robespierre who believed that faith was vital to order. He spoke out and even got the Convention to restate their commitment to religious freedom, but it was too late. Dechristianization flourished across the nation, churches closed and 20,000 priests were pressured into renouncing their position. The Law of 14 Frimaire On December 4th, 1793, a law was passed, taking as its name the date in the Revolutionary Calendar: 14 Frimaire. This law was designed to give the Committee of Public Safety even more control over the whole of France by providing a structured chain of authority under the revolutionary government and to keep everything highly centralized. The Committee was now the supreme executive and nobody further down the chain was supposed to alter the decrees in any way, including the deputies on a mission who became increasingly sidelined as local district and commune bodies took over the job of applying the law. All unofficial bodies were shut down, including provincial revolutionary armies. Even the departmental organization was bypassed for everything bar tax and public works. In effect, the law of 14 Frimaire aimed to institute a uniform administration with no resistance, the opposite of that to the constitution of 1791. It marked the end of the first phase of the terror, a chaotic regime, and an end to the campaigning of the revolutionary armies who first came under central control and were then closed on March 27th, 1794. Meanwhile, factional infighting in Paris saw more groups go to the guillotine and sansculotte power began to wane, partly as a result of exhaustion, partly because of the success of their measures (there was little left to agitate for) and partly as a purging of the Paris Commune took hold. The Republic of Virtue By the spring and summer of 1794, Robespierre, who had argued against dechristianization, had tried to save Marie Antoinette from the guillotine and who had vacillated over the future began to form a vision of how the republic should be run. He wanted a cleansing of the country and committee and he outlined his idea for a republic of virtue while denouncing those he deemed non-virtuous, many of whom, including Danton, went to the Guillotine. So began a new phase in the Terror, where people could be executed for what they might do, not had done, or simply because they failed to meet Robespierres new moral standard, his utopia of murder. The Republic of Virtue  concentrated power at the Centre, around Robespierre. This included closing all provincial courts for conspiracy and counter-revolutionary charges, which were to be held at the Revolutionary Tribunal in Paris instead. Parisian jails soon filled with suspects and the process was speeded up to cope, partly by scrapping witnesses and defense. Furthermore, the only punishment it could give out was death. As with the Law of Suspects, almost anyone could be found guilty for anything under these new criteria. Executions, which had tailed off, now rose sharply again. 1,515 people were executed in Paris in June and July 1794, 38% of which were nobles, 28% clergy and 50% bourgeoisie. The Terror was now almost class-based rather than against counter-revolutionaries. In addition, the Paris Commune was altered to become docile to the Committee of Public Safety and proscribed wage levels were introduced. These were unpopular, but the Paris sections were now too centralized to oppose it. Dechristianization was reversed as Robespierre, still convinced that faith was important, introduced the Cult of the Supreme Being on May 7th, 1794. This was a series of Republican themed celebrations to be held on the rest days of the new calendar, a new civic religion.